Method of and apparatus for working materials



June 4, 1935. T. CORBEELS METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING MATERIALS Filed Nov. 11, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 A TTORNEY June 4, 1935. co s 2,003,426

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING MATERIALb Filed NOV. 11, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 )rwmvron 7T CORBEELS fygim e'wio/q ATTORNEY June 4, 1935. -r CQRBEELS' 2,003,426

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING MATERIALS Filed NOV. 11, 1953 4 Sheets- Sheet 3 /04 .20 //v VENTOR 'r. CORBEELS By 7 1M ATTORNEY June'4, 1935. T. CORBEELS 2,003,425

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING MATERIALS Filed Nov. 11, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG. 7.

FIG. 12 FIG. I3.

INVEN TOR T. CO RBEEL S ATTORNEY Patented June 4, 1935 PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORK- ING MATERIALS Theophile Corbeels, Garwood, N. 1., assignor to Western Electric Company, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application November 11, 1933, Serial No. 697,563

13 China.

This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for working materials and more particularly to a method and a machine for producing surface finishes analogous to a psuedo hand hammered appearance on curved or fiat surfaces of articles.

It may often be desirable to furnish an article with an irregularly marked, erose or indented surface ornamentation such as may be produced by hand hammering with a ball peen hammer,

and yet without disturbing or afiecting an opposite surface of the article as is done by hammering. An object of the present invention is to pro vide a machine withwhich material may be removed from a curved or fiat surface of even a relatively thin walled article at apparently irregularly disposed points thereof to produce a seemingly irregularly marked, erose or pitted surface. To this end one embodiment of the invention presents a machine adapted to employ the method, having a carriage to hold an object to be operated on, the carriage being driven to automatically advance the object in steps in two diverse directions under a second carriage on which a plurality of power driven tools is mounted. Means are provided first to move the gang of tools toward and from the work and second to move the gang of tools stepwise along the work transversely of one of the motions of the first carriage. The several stepwise motions are so related that the regularity of arrangement of the resulting markings in the work is so complex that the marks appear to be haphazard rather than in regular order.

These and other objects and characteristics of the invention will appear from the following detailed description of one embodiment of the machine of the invention taken in connection with the adjoined drawings in which identical reference numerals are applied to the same parts in the several views and in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view in front elevation of a machine embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a similar view thereof in plan and partly in horizontal section with the tool carriage removed;

Fig. 3 is a. diagrammatic view of the principal drive;

Fig. 4 is a broken plan view of a special removable attachment in situ on the machine;

Fig. 5 is a view thereof in end elevation and partly in vertical section;

Fig. 6 is a detail section on the line H of Fig.

Fig. 7 is a detail section on the line 1-1 at Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 is a detail section on the line 3-3 oi Fig. 2;

Fig. 9 is a detail section on the line 9-9 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 10 is a detail section on the line ll-IO of Fi 2; Fig. 11 is a detail section on the line il-ll of Fig. 2; 10

Fig. 12 is a view of a partly treated piece of cylindrical work, and v Fig. 13 is a view of a. partly treated piece of plane work.

In the embodiment of the invention herein 1:; disclosed and described, there is a stationary base 20 tabular in general form and bearing a relatively massive pillar 2|. A. horizontal shaft 22 is rotatably mounted in the pillar and carries rigidly attached at either end one of a pair of 20 ratchet wheels 23 and 24. A pawl 25 pressed by a spring 26 is pivotally mounted in the upper end of a lever 21 which is pivotally mounted on a pin 28 carried by the pillar 2|. The lower end of the lever 21 is bifurcated to carry a cam roller 25 29' mounted therein. The cam rollerrides on a rotary cam 30 mounted on a horizontal shaft 3| journalled in the pillar 20. A tension spring 32 attached at one end to a pin 33 on the lever and at the other end to a pin 34 on the pillar 30 serves to keep the roller 29 in contact with the cam 30.

The shaft 22 terminates flush with the right hand face of the ratchet 23, and has there an axial threaded recess. 35 which receives a corre- 35 spondingly threaded stub shaft 36 having at its outer end an integral outwardly extending flangelike coaxial head 31. This head is provided with a peripheral groove which receives a split expansible ring 38. The space between the ratchet 40 I 23 and the head 31 is filled with a drum 39 coaxial with the shaft. Thus the shaft, drum and ring are detachable and removable by unscrewing the shaft from the recess 35.

The shafts 22 and 36 have a continuous axial bore in which is loosely positioned a pull-rod 49. The bore is expanded at its right hand end to house a wedge member 42, integral with or pinned to the extremity of the rod 40. One or more, preferably three, radial slots lead from the bottom of the expansion ring groove to the expanded part of the bore. Sliding members ll positioned in these slots bear at their outer ends against the inner periphery of the split ring 38 and at their inner ends against the wedge member 42. Thus a motion of the wedge member toward the left will tend to expand the split ring.'

At the left hand end of the rod 48 there is mounted by means of a removable pin 44, a detachable pivoted cam handle 43 which bears against the left face of the ratchet wheel 24. In the position shown in Fig. 2, the wedge member 42 is drawn to the left and locked there by the action of the cam 43, against the wheel 24, thus expanding the ring 38. By swinging the handle 43 to the left the wedge is released and if the handle be detached the rod and wedge can be entirely removed.

The shaft 22 is slidable longitudinally, as well as rotatable, in the pillar 2|, and is formed about midway of its length with a circumferential groove 45. A roller 48 isrotatably mounted on the end of a stud 41 and lies in the grodve 45, the stud 48 being radial to the shaft 22. The stud 48 is rigidly attached to a pull rod 48 slidably mounted in the pillar 2|, and the stud lies in an appropriate recess in the pillar. The rod 48 is pivoted at its left hand end to one end of a lever 48, pivoted at 58 to the base 20.

" The front to back dimensions of the stud 41,-

and lever 48, have been grossly exaggerated for clarity in the drawings, to bring these parts out from under the shaft 22 and its associated structure. Stud 41 is in actuality a short stud, not a long rod as shown.

The rear end of the lever 48 is formed with a rounded surface coacting with a corresponding surface .on the forward end of a lever 5|, pivoted at 52 on the base 28. On the rear end of the lever 5| is mounted a cam roller 53 which bears against a three level rotary side cam 54 rigidly mounted on a horizontal shaft 55 journalled in a pedestal 58 on the base 20.

The slotted wheel 51 of a Geneva motion is also rigidly mounted on the shaft 55 beside the cam 54, and is driven by a pin 58 mounted in an arm'58 rigidly mounted on the shaft 3|. The usual locking wheel of a Geneva motion is also rigidly mounted on the shaft 3| beside the arm 58 to coact with the wheel 51.

Compression springs 8| are housed in appropriate bores in the pillar 2| and act through interposed sliding blocks 82 which press their rounded extremities against the right hand face of the ratchet wheel 24, thus urging the latter continually to the left.

A carriage 88 is mounted on top of the pillar 2| with freedom to slide horizontally from right to left and back. A pin 84 is fixed in the under side of the carriage and carries at its lower end a cam roller which coacts with the forward end of a three level sliding cam 88 housed in an appropriate horizontal bore in the pillar 2|. The rear end of the cam 88 carries a cam roller 81 which coacts with a rotary cam 88 rigidly mounted on the shaft 3|.

A secondcarriage 88 is mounted on the right hand vertical end face of the carriage 83 with freedom to slide up and down thereon. On the rear face of the carriage 88 is an apertured lug 18 into which enters a pin 'Il removably mounted on the upper arm of a laminar lever member I2. The lever 12 is pivotally mounted on a stud 13 carried by the pillar 2|. A cam roll 14 is mounted in an adjustable member I5 pivotally attached at I8 to the lower" arm of the lever 12, and adjustable by means of the screw 11. A tension spring 18, attached at its upper end to a pin I8 on the lever 12 and at its lower end to a member 88 carried by the pillar 2|, tends to hold the cam roller 14 in contact with a rotary cam 8| mounted on the shaft 3|.

On the shaft 3| is also rigidly mounted a worm gear 82 meshing with a worm 83 on a vertical shaft 84. At the upper end of the shaft 84 is a spur gear 85 meshing with a similar gear 88 on a power shaft 81 driven by any convenient power source, not shown. A second driven gear 88 also meshes with the drive gear 88. The gear 88 is provided with a square axial bore to receive the square upper end of a vertical shaft 88 which has freedom to slide in the gear but must rotate therewith. The various supports for this last described assembly are not shown in the drawings. They comprise appropriate arms and lugs carried on the base 28 and pillar 2|, as required.

The shaft 88 is provided with two universal joints, as shown in Fig. 3,-to allow of a limited freedom of the lower end of the shaft to move laterally. The lower end of the shaft is journalled in the hollow carriage 88 (Fig. 3) and carries a spur gear 88 which meshes with two independent pinions 8| also mounted. in the carriage 88.

Each gear 8| is the terminal member of a sequence of identical intermeshing gears 8|, as shown in Fig. 6. There are eight such gears disclosed here but the number will vary with the requirements of an individual machine. gear 8| is carried on a removable screw stud 92 (Fig. 3) mounted in the floor of the carriage 88. Each stud 82 has an axial clearance bore aligned with a square axial bore in the corresponding gear 8|. A square shanked drill 83 is received in each of the bores of the gears 8| and is vertically adjustable in relation to the carriage 89 by bearing at its rounded upper end against an adjustable thrust block 84 mounted in an appropriate bore in the roof of the carriage. Each block 84 has associated therewith an adjusting screw 85 and a clamp screw 88. The drills 93 are alternately right and left hand as indicated in Fig. 1 to correspond to the alternating directions of rotation of the gears 8|.

The machine as thus far described is adapted to operate on cylndrical work. For example, a cup 81 of dimensions appropriate to the drum 39 and ring 38, is slipped into place over these, as

shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, while cam handle 43 is turned to the left out of the position shown in Fig. 2.- Turning the handle to the right will expand the ring 38 against the inside of the cup 81 clamping the latter in place. During this operation the carriage 88 must be at the upper limit of its vertical travel. The drills 83 may then be adjusted, if necessary, as also the member 15 to bring the drills into proper relation to the work.

Power is then applied to the shaft 84 to drive the shaft 8|. Through the Geneva motion 60, 58, 51 and its associated train of mechanism, the roller 48 and springs 8| enforce on the shaft 22 an intermittent stepwise longitudinal shifting of the shaft 22 and its associated parts, thus causing the cup 81 to traverse intermittently and stepwise from left to right and back under the drills 83.

At the same time, the cam 38 and its associated elements drive the pawl 25 to cause the ratchet wheel 24 and shaft 22 to rotate intermittently clockwise as shown in Fig. 8, or top forward as shown in Fig. 2. Thus the cup 81 is caused to rotate intermittently under the drills 88. It isyieldingly held during the backstroke of the pawl by a rounded spring pressed detent IOI acting on the ratchet wheel 23.

The rotarycam 68 drives the sliding 'cam 65 to drive the stud 64 to cause the carriage 63 to traverse stepwise intermittently from left to right and to permit it to return again in'similar fashion under the urge of a .tension spring attached at one end to a pin 99 on the carriage 83 and at its other end to an arm I00 rigidly mounted on the pillar 2I. The carriage 63 car'- ries the carriage 69 with it in its intermittent left and right traverse thus causing the drills 93 to traverse intermittently along the cup 91 to and fro.

The rotary cam' 8| acting through the lever I2 causes the carriage 69 to move periodically up and down on the carriage 63 thus bringing the drills 93 alternately into and out of contact with the cup 91. The drills are kept in continuous rotation by the shaft 89 whose two universal Joints and sliding engagement with the gear 88 permit the carriage 09 to execute its lateral and vertical to and fro motions without interrupting the continuity of drive of the drills.

The various cams etc. are so proportioned and related that all relative motions of the carriage 03 and the cup 91 take place at periods when the drills 93 are withdrawn from the cup by the cam 8|.

Elements 51, 54, 30, 68 and 65 may be so formed and related that the cycle of relative displacements of the work and the drills is so complex that the pattern of pits produced-on the work seems to be entirely haphazard; or the relations may be such as to produce a pattern having a regularity of any desired degree of complexity. Such eifectsmay be further enhanced by the fact that the drills 93 are individually longitudinally adjustable, so that the relative depths and diameters of neighboring pits produced in the work may be varied as well as their relative location. Further variations may be produced by mounting tools of varying form, size, or even kind in the gears 9I. In one modification, if rods having small pads of steel wool soldered, clamped to, or otherwise attached to their extremities be used, a pattern is produced not of definite pits, but of scraped or burnished circular or oval spots apparently more or less irregularly located and When it is desired to operate on a fiat surface,

pin 44 and handle 43 are removed, wedge 42 and rod 40 are withdrawn, and shaft 36 with drum 39, ring 38 and blocks M is unscrewed from shaft 22. The recess 35 is filled with a threaded plug I02 (Fig. 4) bearing an integral axial stud I03. The right hand projecting portion of the base 20 is formed with a dovetail slot and an auxiliary base block I04 having a corresponding dovetail is slid into place thereon. The block I04 has in its lefthand vertical face a recess corresponding to the stud I03 which engages therewith and the block is locked to the rotationless shaft 22, by means of a pin I26 passing down through the block and a perforation in the stud I03.

The ratchet 25 is rendered inoperative to move the wheel 24, as for instance by disengaging the spring 32 from the pin 33, when the longer and heavier upper arm of the lever 21 will prevent the roll 29 from following the cam 30 down. Thus 'on the shaft 3|.

the shaft '22 is now without rotation being held by the detent IOI. Or means may be providedto release the pawl from its spring and turn the pawl up into an idle position, allowing the lever '2 I to rock idly.

A traversable slide I05 is mounted on the upper surface of the block I04 with freedom'to move'to and fro from front to back, and is urged conti-nu' ally forwardly by a tension spring I06 attached at its forward end to a member I0'I carried by the block, and at its rear end to a pin 'I08'carried by the slide. On the upper face of the slide is means to hold a piece of work having a plane face to be operated on. In the illustration the work is a shallow cup I09 and the means comprise a vertical plug IIO integral with the slide over which the inverted cup fits snugly with its fiat bottom up, and a clamp screw I I I also mounted on the slide. On the under ,face of the slide is a ratchet toothed rack II2.

The rack H2 is engaged by a locking pawl II 3 pivotally mounted in the block I04 and held thereby in any given position against the urge of the spring I06. The rack is also engaged by an operating pawl II4 pivoted to the end of the left arm of a lever I I5 pivotally mounted on the block I04. Compression springs II 6 and II I serve to press the pawls H3 and H4 respectively into engagement with the rack. The right arm of the lever II5 carries at its extremity a cam roller I I8 to coast with a rotary cam II9 rigidly mounted The roller is kept against the cam by a tension spring I20 attached at its lower end to the lever H5 and at its upper end to a pin I 2I, here shown as mounted in the stud 13.

To permit the slide I05 to return forward under the pull of the spring I06 when necessary, a pair of cam rods I 22 and I23 is mounted to slide in the block I04 transversely of the slide I05. The tapered ends of these pins are formed and positioned to override and press down the pawls H3 and H4 when the'pins are pushed inward to the left, thus disengaging the pawls from the rack. The pins are simultaneously operable by means of a common attached yoke bar I24 operated by a handle lever I25 pivoted to the yoke bar and also to the block I04.

The parts being in the position'of Figs. 4 and 5, a piece of work I09 is clamped in place on the plug IIO by means of the screw III and the machine is set in operation. The gang of drills or other tools 93 move precisely as before into and out of engagement with the work and also stepwise to and fro from left to right and back.

The Geneva motion 58, 60, 51 operates through its associated train of parts to traverse the shaft 22 and therewith the block I04 stepwise to and fro from left to right and back.

The cam II 9 operating through the lever I I5 and. pawl II4 acts to index the slide or carriage I05 step by step rearwardly, until the treatment of the surface is completed, whereupon rods I22 and I23 are operated by means of handle I25 to disengage pawls I I3 and I I4. The slide I05 moves forwardly out from under the drills and the finished work may be removed and replaced by a fresh blank.

In the case of either mode of cperation, on fiat or on curved work, the set of markings produced by any one application of the drills or tools tothe work, is distributed in a straight row running from left to right of the machine and at equal intervals. These rows are distributed over the work at regular, equal intervals transversely of their length by the operation of the cam 30 or H9 if of the simple form shown in Figs. 8 and 5. However, it is evident that a large variety of distributions of successive rows of markings transversely of their length may be attained by appropriate variation of the. form of this cam. The cam would then preferably not be directly mounted on the shaft 3], but driven from the shaft by appropriate gearing to have the speed and consequent cyclic relation to the other motions of the machine required by the individual case.

The relative position of the work and the gang of tools in a direction from left to right of the machine at any given application of the tools to the work depends upon the individual forms and relative positions of the cams 54 and 66. As shown, roller 53 runs through three positions in a cycle of. four changes for each rotation of the Geneva wheel 57, the intermediate position occurring twice in each cycle. For each rotation of the Geneva wheel 51 the shaft 3| and hence the cam 68 makes six revolutions. Each revolution of cam 68 moves stud 64 and hence carriage 69 through a'four change cycle of three positions, the intermediate position occurring twice. Thus the relative motion of thework and the tools from left to right of the machine is cyclic and regular, but the cycle of relative positions is complex. The result is that the pattern of markings produced on the work, depending on the forms and relative speeds of the several cams may be varied by varying the cams and their drives as to geometrical relationship from simple aligned or quincunx regularity to a cyclical recurrence so complex as to appear purely haphazard in distribution. The complexity may be further enhanced, if desired, by combining in one gang tools of varying form or even of varying nature.

Thus one essential characteristic of the invention is to provide in the interchangeable cams means to form in the surface repeated impressions of a regular pattern of markings in so complexly regular a cyclic fashion that the resulting compound pattern seems the result of chance distribution of the markings. It will be noted that the several cams controlling the cyclic shiftings of the work and of the tools are readily interchangeable to alter the spacing as well as the positional relations of the markings by altering both the combined cycles of repetition individually of their motion and the correlations of the cycles with each other.

The embodiment of the invention herein disclosed is self-evidently illustrative merely, and may be modified and departed from without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as particularly pointed out in and limited only by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a material working machine, a carriage to'hold a piece of work, a second carriage to hold a tool, means to move the work relatively to the tool in one direction, means to move the work in a second direction relatively to the tool, means to move the tool relatively to the work, and means to engage the tool operatively with the work and to disengage it therefrom.

2. In a material working machine, a carriage to hold a piece of work, a second carriage to hold a gang of tools, means to move the work relatively to the gang of tools in one direction, means to move the work in a second direction relatively to the gang of tools, means to move the gang of tools relatively to the work, and means to engage the gang of tools operatively with the work and to disengage them therefrom.

3. In a material working machine, a carriage to hold a piece of work, a second carriage to hold a tool, means to engage the tool operatively with the work and to disengage it therefrom repeatedly, means to move the work relatively to the tool in one direction during a time of-disengagement of work and tool, means to simultaneously move the work relatively to the tool in another direction, and means to simultaneously move the tool relatively to the work.

4. In a material working machine, a carriage to hold a piece of work, a second carriage to hold a gang of tools, means to engage the gang of tools operatively with the work and to disengage them therefrom repeatedly, means to move the work relatively to the gang of tools in one direction during a time of disengagement of work and a gang of tools, means to simultaneously move the work relatively to the gang of tools in another direction, and means to simultaneously move the gang of tools relatively to the work.

5. In a material working machine, a base, a first movable carriage thereon to hold a piece of work, a second movable carriage on the base to hold a tool, means to move the second carriage in one direction to bring the tool into and out of operative engagement with the work, independent means to move the second carriage in another direction to change the point of application of the tool to the work, means to move the first carriage in one direction, and means to move the first carriage in a second direction.

6. In a material working machine, a base, a support movably mounted thereon to hold a piece of work, a carriage movably mounted on the base to hold a tool, means to move the carriage in one direction to engage the tool with and disengage it from the work in cyclic repetition, means to move the carriage in another direction through a sequence of positions in cyclic repetition, means to move the support stepwise in one direction through a sequence of positions, and means to move the support in another direction through a sequence of positions in cyclic repetition.

'7. In a material working machine, a base, a support mounted thereon with freedom to move in two directions to hold a piece of work, a carriage to hold a tool mounted on the base with freedom to move in two directions, adjustable first means to move the carriage in its one direction to bring the tool into and out of engagement with the work, second means to move the carriage in its other direction step by step through a sequence of positions,third means to move the support step by step through a sequence of positions in its one direction, fourth means to move the support step by step through a sequence of positions in its other direction, and means to drive the first and second and third means in correlated cycles of repetition.

8. In a material working machine, a base, a support mounted thereon with freedom to move in two directions to hold a piece of work, a carriage to hold a tool mounted on the base with freedom to move in two directions, adjustable first means to move the carriage in its one direction to bring the tool into and out of engagement with the work, second means to move the carriage in its other direction step by step through a sequence of positions, third means to move the support step by step through a sequence of positions in its one direction, fourth means to move the support step by step through a sequence of positions in its other directiom and means including interchangeable cams to drive the first and second and third means in correlated cycles of repetition.

9. In a material working machine, a work holding carriage, a tool holding carriage, automatic means to move the work holding carriage stepwise through a predetermined cycle of positions in a fixed direction, automatic means to move the same carriage stepwise through another predetermined cycle of positions in another fixed direction, automatic means to move the tool holding carriage in a fixed direction to bring the tools into and out of operative engagement with a piece of work in the work holding carriage, and automatic means to move the tool holding carriage stepwise in another fixed direction through a predetermined cycle of positions.

10. In a material working machine, a work holding carriage, a tool holding carriage, auto- :matic means to move the work holding carriage stepwise through a predetermined cycle of positions in a fixed direction, automatic means to move the same carriage stepwise through another predetermined cycle of positions in another fixed direction, automatic means to move the tool holding carriage in a fixed direction to bring the tools into and out of operative engagement with a piece of work in the work holding carriage, automatic means to move the tool holding carriage stepwise in another fixed direction through a predetermined cycle of positions, and means to drive the four several automatic means in correlated synchronism.

11. In a material working machine, a work holding carriage free to move in either of two diverse directions, a tool holding carriage free to move in a first, direction substantially perpendicular to the plane or the two motions of the plane, a driving member, means including a cam operated by the driving member to move the work holding carriage in one of its directions of l motion, means including a second cam operated by the driving member to move the work holding carriage in the other of its directions, means including a third cam operated by the driving member to drive the tool holding carriage in the first of its directions for engaging a tool with and disengaging the tool from a piece of work carried by the work holding carriage, and means including a fourth cam operated by the driving member to drive the tool holding carriage in the second of its directions.

12. A method of surface ornamenting materials which includes the step of impressing a predetermined pattern of markings upon a surface of an article a predetermined number of times and displacing the pattern upon the surface at successive impressions through a predetermined complexly regular cycle of relative positions, whereby the complexity of the compound pattern of markings produced is such as to appear irregularly haphazard.

13. A method of surface ornamenting materials which includes the step of impressing a predetermined regular pattern of markings upon a surface of an article a predetermined number of times, and predeterminedly displacing the pattern upon the surface at successive impressions through a predetermined complexly regular cycle of relative positions, whereby the complexity of the combined compound pattern produced is such as to have the appearance of haphazardly distributed markings.

THEOPHILE CORBEELS. 

